Verwende `tabularx`. Aus der Anleitung:
> A new environment, tabularx, `tabularx`, is defined, which takes the same argu-
ments arguments as tabular*, `tabular*`, but modifies the widths of certain columns, rather than
than the inter column space, to set a table with the requested total width. The
The columns that may stretch are marked with the new token X `X` in the preamble
preamble argument.
Außerdem:
> Normally all X columns in a single table are set to the same width, [...]
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[htb]
\caption{Eine Tabelle}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}}*1l X X X X X X} \hline
& & & \multicolumn{4}{c}{Kategorie} \\
\cline{4-7}
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{Gesamt} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Subkategorie} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Subkategorie} \\
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{Text} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Text} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Text} \\
\hline
Ein längeres Wort oder zwei & xx.xx & y.yy & xx.xx & y.yy & xx.xx & y.yy \\
Ein anderes Wort & xx.xx & y.yy & xx.xx & y.yy & xx.xx & y.yy \\
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\end{document}
[![alt text][1]][1]
[1]: https://texwelt.de/wissen/upfiles/test_401.png
